用Python和Pygame写游戏-从入门到精通（16）

43 thoughts on “用Python和Pygame写游戏-从入门到精通（16）”

1. tangly 2011/08/04

   哥 你太强悍啦 顶起

   Reply ↓
2. fliks 2011/10/12

   请问有编译好的exe吗，博主用什么编译exe呢，我试了几个都不好用

   Reply ↓
   1. Avalon4Z 2017/12/07

      python 语言不需要编译，建议先看一下python的概念。
      基本的操作方法，安装python, 然后运行python main.py

      Reply ↓
3. solu 2012/11/28

   跟着例子修修改改，终于运行起来了，效果不错。：）

   Reply ↓
4. xumaomao 2013/01/02

   很有意思啊。赞。

   Reply ↓
5. nanjingyueliang 2014/06/09

   代码311行中，spider.destination = Vector2(w+50, randint(0, h))，其中（w+50），这个50是的功能是啥？？

   Reply ↓
   1. heloo 2014/06/26

      这个是保证蜘蛛能爬出屏幕外。

      Reply ↓
6. heloo 2014/06/26

   不知道有没有人和我有一样的错误。
   pYthon版本3.3，提示字典在操作过程中长度发生了变化。
   解决方法：
   import copy
   在出错行前写entities2 = copy.copy(self.entity)
   将下面的self.entity改成 entities2
   这样就避免了直接操作在循环内会改变的字典，而是使用了一个拷贝。
   如果直接用赋值语句的话可能会因为内存位置没变而导致还是一样的问题。

   Reply ↓
   1. foolself 2015/04/13

      遇到你说的问题了，谢了！

      Reply ↓
      1. NEW 2016/01/25

         感谢，不过不是把那个函数改成这个样子吗？
         def process(self, time_passed):
         time_passed_seconds = time_passed / 1000.0
         entities2 = copy.copy(self.entities)
         for entity in entities2.values():
         entity.process(time_passed_seconds)

         Reply ↓
         1. 大大包包人 2017/06/20

            需要再定义下entities2 写成self.entities2 = copy.copy(self.entities)
            我的是这样解决的，不然会报错

            Reply ↓
            1. 张家辉 2018/06/24

               真的强 我的天 谢了 这解决方案不错
7. 白杰 2014/08/13

   distance = location.get_distance_to(entity.location) 这个我一直报错，’Vector2′ object has no attribute ‘get_distance_to’
   我的Vector2确实没有这个方法，能给下这方法的代码么？初学，好多东西都不明白

   Reply ↓
   1. heloo 2014/08/16

      很明显就是距离的意思嘛
      Import个math
      使用math.sqrt 和**2就解决问题了

      Reply ↓
   2. 大大包包人 2017/06/20

      用之前精通（9）里面提到的一个适用于3.x的库，里面的get_distance，等同于这个

      Reply ↓
8. 姐夫别这样 2014/11/14

   哈哈哈 好好玩啊

   Reply ↓
9. 赵林林 2014/12/06

   Py2EXE打包报错：
   Traceback (most recent call last):
   File “C:\Users\Administrator\Desktop\python\pygame\PyGame_Py2exe.py”, line 172, in
   BuildExe().run()
   File “C:\Users\Administrator\Desktop\python\pygame\PyGame_Py2exe.py”, line 163, in run
   data_files = extra_datas,
   File “C:\Python27\lib\distutils\core.py”, line 169, in setup
   raise SystemExit, “error: ” + str(msg)
   SystemExit: error: command ‘C:\Python27\pythonw.exe’ failed with exit status 1

   这是什么意思啊？

   Reply ↓
10. LiuMiu 2015/03/02

    第276行 self.speed 改为 self.ant.speed.
    感谢作者，有趣的例子。

    Reply ↓
11. 欧阳灵 2015/09/25

    Traceback (most recent call last):
    File “E:\Python27\ant_game.py”, line 325, in
    run()
    File “E:\Python27\ant_game.py”, line 319, in run
    world.process(time_passed)
    File “E:\Python27\ant_game.py”, line 75, in process
    entity.process(time_passed_seconds)
    File “E:\Python27\ant_game.py”, line 111, in process
    self.brain.think()
    File “E:\Python27\ant_game.py”, line 40, in think
    new_state_name = self.active_state.check_conditions()
    File “E:\Python27\ant_game.py”, line 197, in check_conditions
    leaf = self.ant.world.get_close_entity(“leaf”, self.ant.location)
    File “E:\Python27\ant_game.py”, line 83, in get_close_entity
    location = Vector2(*location)
    TypeError: type object argument after * must be a sequence, not Vector2

    请问楼主，这是什么错啊

    Reply ↓
    1. xishui Post author2015/09/26

       不知道是否因为库有更新还是阁下输入有误造成的，代码的83行，location必须是个序列，而不能是Vector2类型

       Reply ↓
       1. 欧阳灵 2015/09/28

          我就是你运行上面的16章中的这段代码，运行时码报的错，win7 64位系统。这个*location本来就是将location的坐标展开。之前的代码中这样用比如把鼠标位置的点展开传给Vector2( *pygame.mouse.get_pos() )也没有报错。在这里报错了我实在理解不了。请楼主帮忙分析一下

          Reply ↓
       2. 欧阳灵 2015/09/29

          我修改了一下Vector2的代码，上面的问题解决了。但是在 函数迭代的时候报错：运行一会儿之后就会报错
          def render(self, surface):
          surface.blit(self.background, (0, 0))
          for entity in self.entities.itervalues():
          entity.render(surface)

          File “E:\Python27\test_ant.py”, line 63, in process
          for entity in self.entities.itervalues():
          RuntimeError: dictionary changed size during iteration

          Reply ↓
          1. xishui Post author2015/10/04

             这样看不出来哦，只看提示的话dict在遍历的时候被修改了？

             Reply ↓
          2. gudy 2020/03/02

             转list，我这个就行了
             list(self.entities.values())

             Reply ↓
12. nbWoman 2016/05/10

    楼主很厉害，不过我看的画面有点恶心，讨厌虫子

    Reply ↓
13. wangwlj 2016/10/08

    感谢上面的评论，让我这个小白在python3.5下也弄成功了
    下面总结一下修改的地方：
    1. 出错AttributeError: ‘dict’ object has no attribute ‘itervalues’
    80、75行（附近）修改为：for entity in self.entities.values(): #去掉inter即可
    2.出错RuntimeError: dictionary changed size during iteration
    解决方法：（借用上面评论的大哥）
    import copy
    在出错行前写entities2 = copy.copy(self.entities) ——70行附近
    将下面的self.entity改成 entities2
    这样就避免了直接操作在循环内会改变的字典，而是使用了一个拷贝。

    3.还有一个xrange 改为range就好了

    Reply ↓
    1. EdwardYu 2017/02/23

       感谢！！！！

       Reply ↓
    2. 杨生 2019/12/14

       能帮忙提供下gameobjects的库吗？我的也是3.5的版本，谢谢361018806@qq.com。

       Reply ↓

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15. 杭州夜未央 2017/03/03

    按照楼主和各位大侠的代码，运行的时候只有蜘蛛在运动，蚂蚁不动，请问谁知道是怎么回事？谢谢

    Reply ↓
    1. 杭州夜未央 2017/03/03

       一个状态机的check_conditions函数名写错了，造成没有调用，汗~~~~~

       Reply ↓
       1. 学习pyhont 2017/12/21

          我也是这个，AntStateHunting状态机中的函数写成了check_conditons，导致每次蚂蚁咬死蜘蛛后，好多蚂蚁就和蜘蛛一起over了。就少了个字母“i”，对着源码看了好几遍没有看出来。最后是下载了个对比软件才找出来。my god

          Reply ↓
16. 土匪 2017/09/23

    python3.6使用pyinstaller发布：
    首先，安装pyinstaller，直接pip3 install pyinstaller即可。
    然后按以下步骤：
    1、需要在py中添加函数：
    # 用来加载图片的函数，后续所有需要用到图片的地方，都通过该函数来加载。
    def resource_path(relative):
    if hasattr(sys, “_MEIPASS”):
    return os.path.join(sys._MEIPASS, relative)
    return os.path.join(relative)

    2、需要加载图片的地方，以前直接用的路径，现在都使用：
    resource_path(os.path.join(data_dir, ‘ant.png’))
    PS：data_dir是指和脚本同级的用来存放图片的路径，一般使用images。

    3、执行pyi-makespec 参数 要打包的py脚本
    如：pyi-makespec -F game1.py

    4、修改生成的xxx.spec文件
    指定要添加的图片：
    a.datas += [(‘images\\ant.png’,”D:\\PyCharm\\PycharmProjects\\pygame\\images\\ant.png”,’DATA’),(‘images\\leaf.png’,”D:\\PyCharm\\PycharmProjects\\pygame\\images\\leaf.png”,’DATA’),(‘images\\spider.png’,”D:\\PyCharm\\PycharmProjects\\pygame\\images\\spider.png”,’DATA’)]

    如果有多个图片，则可以考虑使用：
    dict_tree = Tree(“D:\PyCharm\PycharmProjects\pygame\images”, prefix = “images”)
    a.datas += dict_tree

    说明：Tree(“实际存放图片的文件夹”,prefix = “代码中图片文件的上级目录。”)
    比如说，在代码中希望load（’images/aaa.jpg’），aaa.jpg在本地实际存储路径是:d:\images\
    则Tree(“d:\\images”,prefix = “images”)
    5、执行pyinstaller xxx.spec

    Reply ↓
17. braven-yang 2017/12/21

    NameError: name ‘time_passed’ is not defined
    为什会这样啊？代码检查了好多遍，和上面一样啊

    Reply ↓
18. Grant 2018/01/08

    这个好难懂,, 晦涩难懂…..

    Reply ↓
19. 曹建甫 2018/02/27

    libpng warning: iCCP: too many profiles，这个怎么解决

    Reply ↓
    1. xishui Post author2018/03/04

       不知道欸，图片有没有什么问题？

       Reply ↓
       1. 繁 2018/04/03

          博主 我一直想知道 (x-w/2,y-h/2)和(x,y-h/2)的区别 get_size()不是得到图片左上角的坐标吗 为什么会被当成中心点坐标

          Reply ↓
20. XM 2020/03/05

    他会一直无限的生成树叶，蜘蛛，内存会炸吧，

    Reply ↓
21. Yan Chen 2020/05/31

    教程大赞，花了两三天才搞完这个小AI,我这智商感人~
    不过还是很谢谢楼主大人的教程的。

    Reply ↓
22. bobo 2021/06/21

    基于pygame 2.0.1的源代码，稍微修改下了。。。

    SCREEN_SIZE = (640, 480)
    NEST_POSITION = (320, 240)
    ANT_COUNT = 20
    NEST_SIZE = 100.

    import pygame
    from pygame.locals import *

    from random import randint, choice
    from pygame.math import *

    class State(object):
    def __init__(self, name):
    self.name = name
    def do_actions(self):
    pass
    def check_conditions(self):
    pass
    def entry_actions(self):
    pass
    def exit_actions(self):
    pass

    class StateMachine(object):
    def __init__(self):
    self.states = {}
    self.active_state = None

    def add_state(self, state):
    self.states[state.name] = state

    def think(self):
    if self.active_state is None:
    return
    self.active_state.do_actions()
    new_state_name = self.active_state.check_conditions()
    if new_state_name is not None:
    self.set_state(new_state_name)

    def set_state(self, new_state_name):
    if self.active_state is not None:
    self.active_state.exit_actions()
    self.active_state = self.states[new_state_name]
    self.active_state.entry_actions()

    class World(object):
    def __init__(self):
    self.entities = {}
    self.entity_id = 0
    self.background = pygame.surface.Surface(SCREEN_SIZE).convert()
    self.background.fill((255, 255, 255))
    pygame.draw.circle(self.background, (200, 255, 200), NEST_POSITION, int(NEST_SIZE))

    def add_entity(self, entity):
    self.entities[self.entity_id] = entity
    entity.id = self.entity_id
    self.entity_id += 1

    def remove_entity(self, entity):
    del self.entities[entity.id]

    def get(self, entity_id):
    if entity_id in self.entities:
    return self.entities[entity_id]
    else:
    return None

    def process(self, time_passed):
    time_passed_seconds = time_passed / 1000.0
    for entity in list(self.entities.values()):
    entity.process(time_passed_seconds)

    def render(self, surface):
    surface.blit(self.background, (0, 0))
    for entity in self.entities.values():
    entity.render(surface)

    def get_close_entity(self, name, location, range=100.):
    location = Vector2(*location)
    for entity in self.entities.values():
    if entity.name == name:
    distance = location.distance_to(entity.location)
    if distance 0. and self.location != self.destination:
    vec_to_destination = self.destination – self.location
    distance_to_destination = vec_to_destination.length()
    heading = vec_to_destination.normalize()
    travel_distance = min(distance_to_destination, time_passed * self.speed)
    self.location += travel_distance * heading

    class Leaf(GameEntity):
    def __init__(self, world, image):
    GameEntity.__init__(self, world, “leaf”, image)

    class Spider(GameEntity):
    def __init__(self, world, image):
    GameEntity.__init__(self, world, “spider”, image)
    self.dead_image = pygame.transform.flip(image, 0, 1)
    self.health = 25
    self.speed = 50. + randint(-20, 20)

    def bitten(self):
    self.health -= 1
    if self.health SCREEN_SIZE[0] + 2:
    self.world.remove_entity(self)
    return
    GameEntity.process(self, time_passed)

    class Ant(GameEntity):
    def __init__(self, world, image):
    GameEntity.__init__(self, world, “ant”, image)
    exploring_state = AntStateExploring(self)
    seeking_state = AntStateSeeking(self)
    delivering_state = AntStateDelivering(self)
    hunting_state = AntStateHunting(self)
    self.brain.add_state(exploring_state)
    self.brain.add_state(seeking_state)
    self.brain.add_state(delivering_state)
    self.brain.add_state(hunting_state)
    self.carry_image = None

    def carry(self, image):
    self.carry_image = image

    def drop(self, surface):
    if self.carry_image:
    x, y = self.location
    w, h = self.carry_image.get_size()
    surface.blit(self.carry_image, (x-w, y-h/2))
    self.carry_image = None

    def render(self, surface):
    GameEntity.render(self, surface)
    if self.carry_image:
    x, y = self.location
    w, h = self.carry_image.get_size()
    surface.blit(self.carry_image, (x-w, y-h/2))

    class AntStateExploring(State):
    def __init__(self, ant):
    State.__init__(self, “exploring”)
    self.ant = ant

    def random_destination(self):
    w, h = SCREEN_SIZE
    self.ant.destination = Vector2(randint(0, w), randint(0, h))

    def do_actions(self):
    if randint(1, 20) == 1:
    self.random_destination()

    def check_conditions(self):
    leaf = self.ant.world.get_close_entity(“leaf”, self.ant.location)
    if leaf is not None:
    self.ant.leaf_id = leaf.id
    return “seeking”
    spider = self.ant.world.get_close_entity(“spider”, NEST_POSITION, NEST_SIZE)
    if spider is not None:
    if self.ant.location.distance_to(spider.location) < 100.:
    self.ant.spider_id = spider.id
    return "hunting"
    return None

    def entry_actions(self):
    self.ant.speed = 120. + randint(-30, 30)
    self.random_destination()

    class AntStateSeeking(State):
    def __init__(self, ant):
    State.__init__(self, "seeking")
    self.ant = ant
    self.leaf_id = None

    def check_conditions(self):
    leaf = self.ant.world.get(self.ant.leaf_id)
    if leaf is None:
    return "exploring"
    if self.ant.location.distance_to(leaf.location) < 5.0:
    self.ant.carry(leaf.image)
    self.ant.world.remove_entity(leaf)
    return "delivering"
    return None

    def entry_actions(self):
    leaf = self.ant.world.get(self.ant.leaf_id)
    if leaf is not None:
    self.ant.destination = leaf.location
    self.ant.speed = 160. + randint(-20, 20)

    class AntStateDelivering(State):
    def __init__(self, ant):
    State.__init__(self, "delivering")
    self.ant = ant

    def check_conditions(self):
    if Vector2(*NEST_POSITION).distance_to(self.ant.location) < NEST_SIZE:
    if (randint(1, 10) == 1):
    self.ant.drop(self.ant.world.background)
    return "exploring"
    return None

    def entry_actions(self):
    self.ant.speed = 60.
    random_offset = Vector2(randint(-20, 20), randint(-20, 20))
    self.ant.destination = Vector2(*NEST_POSITION) + random_offset

    class AntStateHunting(State):
    def __init__(self, ant):
    State.__init__(self, "hunting")
    self.ant = ant
    self.got_kill = False

    def do_actions(self):
    spider = self.ant.world.get(self.ant.spider_id)
    if spider is None:
    return
    self.ant.destination = spider.location
    if self.ant.location.distance_to(spider.location) < 15.:
    if randint(1, 5) == 1:
    spider.bitten()
    if spider.health NEST_SIZE * 3:
    return “exploring”
    return None

    def entry_actions(self):
    self.speed = 160. + randint(0, 50)

    def exit_actions(self):
    self.got_kill = False

    def run():
    pygame.init()
    screen = pygame.display.set_mode(SCREEN_SIZE, 0, 32)
    world = World()
    w, h = SCREEN_SIZE
    clock = pygame.time.Clock()
    ant_image = pygame.image.load(“ant.png”).convert_alpha()
    leaf_image = pygame.image.load(“leaf.png”).convert_alpha()
    spider_image = pygame.image.load(“spider.png”).convert_alpha()

    for ant_no in range(ANT_COUNT):
    ant = Ant(world, ant_image)
    ant.location = Vector2(randint(0, w), randint(0, h))
    ant.brain.set_state(“exploring”)
    world.add_entity(ant)

    while True:
    for event in pygame.event.get():
    if event.type == QUIT:
    return
    time_passed = clock.tick(30)

    if randint(1, 10) == 1:
    leaf = Leaf(world, leaf_image)
    leaf.location = Vector2(randint(0, w), randint(0, h))
    world.add_entity(leaf)

    if randint(1, 100) == 1:
    spider = Spider(world, spider_image)
    spider.location = Vector2(-50, randint(0, h))
    spider.destination = Vector2(w+50, randint(0, h))
    world.add_entity(spider)

    world.process(time_passed)
    world.render(screen)

    pygame.display.update()

    if __name__ == “__main__”:
    run()

    Reply ↓
    1. bobo 2021/06/21

       还是看链接吧。。。
       https://blog.csdn.net/u010687717/article/details/118085748

       Reply ↓